Universal Testing Machine

Universal Testing Machine

Universal Testing Machines have a wide range of applications and a number of materials, and metals in different forms and shapes can be tested for a variety of tests like Tension, Compression, Transverse, Bend, Shear, Brinell Hardness etc. Special attachments are also available for testing of Flat Belts, Chain Links, Wire Ropes etc.

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Description

Description

Universal Testing Machine

Universal Testing Machines have a wide range of applications and a number of materials, and metals in different forms and shapes can be tested for a variety of tests like Tension, Compression, Transverse, Bend, Shear, Brinell Hardness etc. Special attachments are also available for testing of Flat Belts, Chain Links, Wire Ropes etc. Universal Testing Machine (UTM), also known as a universal tester, materials testing machine, or materials testing equipment, is a versatile mechanical testing apparatus used to determine the mechanical properties of materials. It is widely used in various industries such as manufacturing, construction, research, and quality control to assess the behavior and characteristics of different materials under various conditions.

The primary purpose of a UTM is to apply controlled forces and displacements to a test specimen in order to measure its mechanical properties. Some of the key properties that can be determined using a UTM include:

  1. Tensile Strength: This is the maximum amount of tensile (pulling) force a material can withstand before it breaks.
  2. Compressive Strength: This is the maximum compressive (pushing) force a material can withstand before it fails.
  3. Shear Strength: This is the strength of a material against sliding or shearing forces.
  4. Flexural Strength: Also known as bending strength, it measures a material’s ability to resist bending or flexing loads.
  5. Elastic Modulus: This is a measure of a material’s stiffness or how much it deforms under a given load.
  6. Yield Strength: The point at which a material begins to exhibit permanent deformation under load.
  7. Ductility: This indicates a material’s ability to undergo plastic deformation without breaking.
  8. Hardness: The resistance of a material to deformation or indentation.
  9. Fatigue Resistance: This property measures how a material withstands repeated loading and unloading cycles.

A typical UTM consists of a load frame that holds the specimen and applies the force, a system for measuring the applied force, and a system for measuring the resulting deformation. The machine can be controlled manually or through computer software, allowing precise control over force application and data collection. UTMs are capable of performing tension, compression, bending, shear, and other types of tests on a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, composites, ceramics, and more. UTMs play a crucial role in quality control, research, and development of materials and products. They help manufacturers ensure the safety, reliability, and performance of their products by understanding how different materials behave under different conditions.

Features

Features :

  • Loading Frame: The base has a hydraulic cylinder at its center and two main screws at both ends. The middle cross head is mounted on screws through main nuts. The middle cross head can be moved up or down through chain transmission and geared motor to adjust the initial tensile/compression clearance. Inside base of machine, a hydraulic cylinder is tested in which piston is placed, and rests an assembly of an upper, and lower cross head and two columns. The individually lapped cylinder piston assembly ensures smooth axial force with minimum friction.

  • Control Panel: Hydraulic circuit it consists of a hydraulic power pack that has a directly driven radial plunger pump that gives a continuous non-pulsating flow of oil pressure up to 250 bar a pressure compensated needle-type flow control valve is obtained with help of valves. Optionally this can be controlled from electronic system.

  • Loading Rate / Straining Rate Control: This is the superfine controlling system that controls the loading rate / straining rate as per commands from electronic machine control system. UTM Software can send the loading rate / straining rate to electronic system for fully automatic testing.

  • Load Measurement System: The oil pressure in the main cylinder is also transferred to an electronic pressure transducer which gives the proportionate signal to electronic unit. Both the motors for hydraulic operation and cross-head motion are controlled by buttons on electronic control system and they have interlocked to prevent simultaneous working of motors. The electrical panel is
    housed in control panel. Displacement measurement is carried out by means of a rack and pinion on the rotary encoder. The encoder signal is fed to electronic system to get displacement.

  • Operation: Tension test is conducted by gripping the test specimen in the upper and middle crosshead. Compression, Bending, Transverse, Shear and Hardness tests are conducted between the middle and lower crosshead by using appropriate fixtures. The rapid adjustment of middle crosshead facilitates easy fixing of tensile / Compression specimens of different lengths.

  • Accuracy & Calibration: Every machine is calibrated in accordance with the procedure laid down in BS-1610-1964 IS 1828-1991. 'FMI' Computerized Universal Testing Machines comply with gradeAof BS 1610-1964 and Grade 1.0 of IS 1828-1991. An accuracy of ± 1% guaranteed from 2% to 100% of capacity of the machine. In the computerized UTM, the computer is an integral part of the
    entire system and not just on ADD ON feature. This puts a lot of power and versatility into the hands of the operator and makes the system much more self-contained than usual, as it includes many functions usually only available as additional (often expensive) optional features Hydraulic controls are through hand-operated valve, ergonomically placed for ease of control. Optionally valves can be controlled from electronic control system. Adequate safeties for overload and overtravel are incorporated and emergency switch is provided.

Software Features

Software Features

  • Menu driven form system with colour graphs to compare sample test results

  • Test details and reports are stored in database

  • User programmable master test templates

  • User can select test from master test Templates and can start similar test

  • Load and Elongation is continuously displayed on screen

  • Overload protection for machine by electronic control

  • Tare Load and Reset Elongation facility available

  • User selectable sample break detect condition

  • Load rate and strain rate are also displayed while testing

  • Unlimited Load rate and strain rate control steps

  • With Load rate controller, user can hold the load on specimen for unlimited time

  • With Load rate control, user can specify positive or negative Rate of Loading

  • User selectable units for load and displacement (kg, kN, N, Ibf, mm, cm, inch etc.) Results and graphs are automatically displayed accordingly

  • Online display of Load and Displacement (Stress, Extension, Strain) etc. while test is conducted

  • Provision of auto zeroing of Elongation at preload set by user

  • User Programmable Reports. User can select Header, Footer, Specimen information, Dimensions, Test information, Test results, Stastical analysis as per his need

  • Generated reports can be exported to PDF file and can be e-mailed

  • If electronic extensometer is used then proof stress values from 0.1% to1%can be determined

  • Software will give alert to user to remove extensometer when load crosses .2% of Gauge length selected then proof load value is calculated. (With extensometer)

  • Separate graph of extensometer and encoder is displayed

  • Provision of calculation of Load and Elongation at yield, Peak load and Load at break, Yield stress, Ultimate stress etc

  • Special software for tensile, compression, bend, TOR steel and other test software as per customer requirements

Control System

Machine Control System

  • Full-fledged sealed membrane alpha numeric keyboard for data entry

  • 16 x 2 Lines LCD Graphics display with backlit for displaying Load and Elongation of crosshead with bigger font size.

  • Load indicated with resolution of 0.01% of machine capacity for entire range.

  • Elongation is measured with resolution of 0.01 mm.

  • Controller for load rate and strains rate control

  • Auto detection of overload and over travel and specimen break. On detection of any condition hydraulic system is automatically turned off.

  • Tare load and Reset Elongation facility

  • Peak Load and Elongation at Peak, Load at break, Elongation at break, UTS, %Elongation, %reduction in area, Yield load etc. results for offline test.

  • RS232C interface for computer connectivity

  • Built in Centronics parallel port / Serial Port for printer interface.

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